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%%html
<style>
.example-container { background: #999999; padding: 2px; min-height: 100px; }
.example-container.sm { min-height: 50px; }
.example-box { background: #9999FF; width: 50px; height: 50px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; color: white; font-weight: bold; margin: 2px;}
.example-box.med { width: 65px; height: 65px; }
.example-box.lrg { width: 80px; height: 80px; }
</style>
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import ipywidgets as widgets
from IPython.display import display
The widgets distributed with IPython can be styled by setting the following traits:
The example below shows how a Button widget can be styled:
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button = widgets.Button(
description='Hello World!',
width=100, # Integers are interpreted as pixel measurements.
height='2em', # em is valid HTML unit of measurement.
color='lime', # Colors can be set by name,
background_color='#0022FF', # and also by color code.
border_color='cyan')
display(button)
To display widget A inside widget B, widget A must be a child of widget B. Widgets that can contain other widgets have a children attribute. This attribute can be set via a keyword argument in the widget's constructor or after construction. Calling display on an object with children automatically displays the children.
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from IPython.display import display
float_range = widgets.FloatSlider()
string = widgets.Text(value='hi')
container = widgets.Box(children=[float_range, string])
container.border_color = 'red'
container.border_style = 'dotted'
container.border_width = 3
display(container) # Displays the `container` and all of it's children.
Children can be added to parents after the parent has been displayed. The parent is responsible for rendering its children.
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container = widgets.Box()
container.border_color = 'red'
container.border_style = 'dotted'
container.border_width = 3
display(container)
int_range = widgets.IntSlider()
container.children=[int_range]
If you need to display a more complicated set of widgets, there are specialized containers that you can use. To display multiple sets of widgets, you can use an Accordion or a Tab in combination with one Box per set of widgets (as seen below). The "pages" of these widgets are their children. To set the titles of the pages, use set_title.
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name1 = widgets.Text(description='Location:')
zip1 = widgets.BoundedIntText(description='Zip:', min=0, max=99999)
page1 = widgets.Box(children=[name1, zip1])
name2 = widgets.Text(description='Location:')
zip2 = widgets.BoundedIntText(description='Zip:', min=0, max=99999)
page2 = widgets.Box(children=[name2, zip2])
accord = widgets.Accordion(children=[page1, page2], width=400)
display(accord)
accord.set_title(0, 'From')
accord.set_title(1, 'To')
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name = widgets.Text(description='Name:', padding=4)
color = widgets.Dropdown(description='Color:', padding=4, options=['red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue', 'indigo', 'violet'])
page1 = widgets.Box(children=[name, color], padding=4)
age = widgets.IntSlider(description='Age:', padding=4, min=0, max=120, value=50)
gender = widgets.RadioButtons(description='Gender:', padding=4, options=['male', 'female'])
page2 = widgets.Box(children=[age, gender], padding=4)
tabs = widgets.Tab(children=[page1, page2])
display(tabs)
tabs.set_title(0, 'Name')
tabs.set_title(1, 'Details')
Most widgets have a description attribute, which allows a label for the widget to be defined.
The label of the widget has a fixed minimum width.
The text of the label is always right aligned and the widget is left aligned:
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display(widgets.Text(description="a:"))
display(widgets.Text(description="aa:"))
display(widgets.Text(description="aaa:"))
If a label is longer than the minimum width, the widget is shifted to the right:
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display(widgets.Text(description="a:"))
display(widgets.Text(description="aa:"))
display(widgets.Text(description="aaa:"))
display(widgets.Text(description="aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa:"))
If a description is not set for the widget, the label is not displayed:
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display(widgets.Text(description="a:"))
display(widgets.Text(description="aa:"))
display(widgets.Text(description="aaa:"))
display(widgets.Text())
Widgets can be aligned using the FlexBox, HBox, and VBox widgets.
Widgets display vertically by default:
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buttons = [widgets.Button(description=str(i)) for i in range(3)]
display(*buttons)
To make widgets display horizontally, they can be children of an HBox widget.
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container = widgets.HBox(children=buttons)
display(container)
The visible property of widgets can be used to hide or show widgets that have already been displayed (as seen below). The visible property can be:
True - the widget is displayedFalse - the widget is hidden, and the empty space where the widget would be is collapsedNone - the widget is hidden, and the empty space where the widget would be is shown
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w1 = widgets.Latex(value="First line")
w2 = widgets.Latex(value="Second line")
w3 = widgets.Latex(value="Third line")
display(w1, w2, w3)
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w2.visible=None
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w2.visible=False
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w2.visible=True
In the example below, a form is rendered, which conditionally displays widgets depending on the state of other widgets. Try toggling the student check-box.
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form = widgets.VBox()
first = widgets.Text(description="First:")
last = widgets.Text(description="Last:")
student = widgets.Checkbox(description="Student:", value=False)
school_info = widgets.VBox(visible=False, children=[
widgets.Text(description="School:"),
widgets.IntText(description="Grade:", min=0, max=12)
])
pet = widgets.Text(description="Pet:")
form.children = [first, last, student, school_info, pet]
display(form)
def on_student_toggle(name, value):
if value:
school_info.visible = True
else:
school_info.visible = False
student.on_trait_change(on_student_toggle, 'value')